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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution based on natural selection is the defining force of modern biology. It brings together disciplines such as genetics, palaeontology and microbiology. However, the study of evolution is often controversial and the resultant misinformation can confuse people regarding its basic concepts. This website helps to to clarify the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory focuses on the gradual and cumulative changes that happen in populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection. This is a process which increases the number of organisms that have beneficial traits, which enable them to thrive and reproduce in certain environments. As a result, these organisms leave more offspring than those who do not have the beneficial traits. This could cause a genetic change that could eventually result in new species. The term “evolution” is frequently associated with the idea of “survival of the strongest,” which implies that those people who are the most adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions will be more successful than those who are not well-adapted. In reality this is just one of the many different ways that evolution could occur. Another way that the term “evolution” is used is to suggest that a species will inevitably progress from one state to the next state of being. This theory of evolution is referred to as anagenetic or cladogenesis. This theory is not supported by the scientific definition of evolution. The evolutionary theory that scientists have developed change focuses instead on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are caused by mutations that result from natural selection and genomic variation. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who supported this theory. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed that this was the only way in which the higher living forms could have evolved. A concept must be able stand against rigorous tests and evidence to be considered as a theory. Evolution has stood the test of time, and has been backed by numerous scientific disciplines ranging from geology to biology the sciences of astronomy to chemistry. In actual fact, evolution is accepted as one of the cornerstones of science today and is backed by the majority of scientists worldwide. Many people are misinformed about the nature of the theory of evolution, especially how it relates with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)? Evolution is the scientific explanation of the way living things change over time. It is based on a range of well-established observations that show that more offspring are often created than are likely to survive; that individuals differ from one another in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that various characteristics result in different rates of survival and reproduction; and that traits can be passed down to the next generation. These observations are backed by the increasing body of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology functional morphology, climatology, and geology. The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for how organisms adapt to their physical and biological environment. It is the most well-supported and validated theory in science. Its theories have been proven out by the fact that, for example complex organisms tend to have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. In addition, the more efficient an organism is in being able to reproduce and survive, the more likely it is to pass its genes to the next generation. Some people object to evolution based on the belief that it implies that there is no meaning to life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious believers, such as the prominent Cambridge Palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution isn't just compatible with belief in God but also enhances it (BioLogos 2014). Many highly skilled evolutionary biologists have been involved in developing and testing the theory of evolution, including some respected evangelical Christian leaders. Many of these researchers have contributed to the understanding of a broad variety of phenomena, such as phylogenetics, genomics, and the development and function of fossils. The word “theory” which is often misinterpreted refers to scientific hypothesis that has been tested and refined over a period of time. Scientists test their theories by repeating experiments or observations that resulted in them. Therefore, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly borne out, as have the related theories of Copernican, germ theory, and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual change in the proportions of genetically diverse individuals within a species over time. This change is a result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are more adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a better chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce their genes become more common in the population. This process is sometimes called “survival for the strongest.” According to theories of evolution the mutations that cause genetic variation are the primary reason for evolution. These mutations may occur randomly or under the influence of the environment. When mutations are random the resulting allele frequencies may vary from generation to generation. In contrast, when a mutation is beneficial, it can increase the frequency of the allele, causing it to spread across the population. Over time, these changes in allele frequencies could lead to the formation of new species. The new species will grow and evolve into new forms. This is a process called macroevolution. The creation of an entirely new species is typically due to changes in the environment that provide certain types of resources available or cause new environmental problems. The evolution of finches in the Galapagos Islands, for example is due to the availability of new food and the need to defend themselves against predators. In a broader context the term “evolution” can be described as any change in the nature of living organisms over time. This change can be subtle, such as the development of a new color or dramatic, like the development of an organ. Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally agree that genetic change is crucial in the process of the process of generating evolution. They also agree that evolution is a process that happens over time, typically over a period of millions of years. They differ on the importance of various factors that could speed up or slow down the process. For instance the role played by sexual selection, environmental pressures, and mutation bias. Despite these differences, most scientists believe that evolution has happened and the evidence to prove this is overwhelming. What is the Evidence of Evolution? Since Darwin's time scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. This evidence comes from fossils that show the evolution of organisms over time. 에볼루션 무료체험 can be found in similarities among living organisms, embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the most effective way to prove evolution. It shows how species are closely related. Homologous structures are another evidence. They share a common structure but serve different purposes in different species, for instance, the wings of a bat or bird. The fact that different species evolve and adapt to a similar environment is also a sign of evolution. For example, arctic foxes and ptarmigans develop seasonal white pelts to blend in with snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolution, which suggests that the species have common ancestors. The vestiges of structures are another source of evidence. These are a part of an organism that may have served some purpose in the past. For instance, the human appendix is remnants of an earlier organ used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size as they're no longer in use, a process known as natural selection. Scientists have also gathered other evidence of evolution through observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be grouped into six distinct categories: directly observable changes at a small scale, biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomy, the fossil record and genetics. Each of these categories provides convincing evidence for the evolution of life. Although many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution it is an established fact. It is not a theory, but a significant collection founded on years of observation. Scientists continue to gather and analyze new data to better understand the arc of Earth's evolution regardless of whether or not people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This knowledge will allow scientists to better understand how to prevent future global catastrophes and how to use the resources of our planet. This information will also help us better serve the needs and desires of the people living on this planet.