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The Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution is founded on the notion that certain traits are passed on more frequently than others. These traits allow for a greater chance to survive and reproduce for individuals, which is why their numbers tend to increase over time. Scientists are now able to understand how this process works. A study of the clawed-frog revealed that duplicate genes can perform different purposes. Evolution is a process that occurs naturally Natural selection is the process that leads to organisms evolving to be best adapted to the environment they live in. It is one of the main mechanisms of evolution along with mutations as well as migrations and genetic drift. Those with traits which facilitate reproduction and survival will be more likely to pass on these traits to their offspring. This results in gradual changes in frequency of genes as time passes. This leads to new species being created and existing species being altered. In the 19th century, Charles Darwin formulated a scientific theory that outlined how biological organisms evolved over time. The theory is based on the notion that more offspring than are able to be able to survive are born, and these offspring compete for resources in their environment. This leads to a “struggle for survival” where those who have the most advantageous traits win, and others are eliminated. The remaining offspring transmit the genes responsible for these desirable traits to their offspring which in turn gives them an advantage over other members of the same species. Over time, the population of organisms that have these advantageous traits increases. However, it is difficult to comprehend how natural selection can create new traits when its primary purpose is to eliminate unfit individuals. Additionally that, the majority of natural selections reduce the genetic variation of populations. Natural selection is not likely to generate new traits without the involvement of other forces. Mutation, drift genetics and migration are three major evolutionary forces which change the frequency of gene expression. Sexual reproduction and the fact every parent transmits half their genes to each child accelerates these processes. 에볼루션 , also known as alleles, can be found at various frequency between individuals belonging to the same species. The resulting allele frequencies determine whether the trait is dominant or recessive. A mutation is simply an alteration in the DNA code of an organism. The change causes some cells to develop, grow and develop into an individual organism while others don't. Mutations can increase the frequency of alleles that currently exist or create new ones. The new alleles could be passed on to subsequent generations, and eventually become the dominant phenotype. Natural selection is the mainstay of evolution. Natural selection is a basic mechanism that causes living things to change over time. It is a result of the interaction between heritable phenotypic differences and differential reproduction. These factors create an environment where people who have beneficial characteristics are more likely survive and reproduce than those with no beneficial traits. This process, over time, results in a change in the gene pool in a way that it is more closely matched to the environment in which people live. This is the principle that Darwin derived from his “survival of the strongest.” This process is based on the idea that different traits enable individuals to adapt to their environment. Individuals who have adaptive traits are more likely to live and reproduce, which means they are more likely to produce a lot of offspring. BioMed Central states that this will eventually cause the trait spread throughout the population. Eventually everyone in the population will have the trait, and the population will change. This is known as evolution. People who have less adaptive traits will die or be unable to produce offspring and their genes won't survive into the next generation. Over time, the genetically modified organisms will dominate the population and develop into new species. But, this isn't a guarantee. The environment could change abruptly which causes the adaptations to become obsolete. Another factor that can influence the course of evolution is sexual selection, which is where some traits are favored due to their ability to increase the chances of mating with other. This can lead to some bizarre phenotypes, like brightly colored feathers in birds or the oversized antlers of deer. These phenotypes are not necessarily beneficial to the organism, however they can enhance the chances of survival and reproduction. Another reason why some students are not understanding natural selection is that they misunderstand it as soft inheritance. While soft inheritance isn't required for evolution, it can be an important element of it. This is because it allows for the random modification of DNA as well as the creation of new genetic variants that aren't immediately useful to the organism. These mutations become the raw material upon which natural selection takes action. Genetics is the basis of evolution Evolution is the natural process by which species' inherited characteristics change over time. It is influenced by several factors, such as mutation in gene flow, gene flow and horizontal gene transfer. Evolution is also influenced by the frequency of alleles within a particular population's gene pool. This permits the selection of traits that are beneficial in new environments. The theory of evolution is a key concept in biology, and it has profound implications for the understanding of life on Earth. Darwin's ideas, combined with Linnaeus notions of relational ties and Lamarck's theories on inheritance, changed the perception of how traits are passed on from parents to their offspring. Instead of parents passing on inherited traits through use or misuse, Darwin argued that they were favored or disadvantageed by the environment in which they lived and passed this information to their offspring. He called this natural selection, and in his book The Origin of Species he explained how this could lead to the development of new types of species. Genetic changes, or mutations, can occur at random in the DNA of a cell. These mutations are responsible for a wide range of traits, such as eye color and hair color. They may also be affected by environmental factors. Some phenotypic characteristics are controlled by more than one gene and some are characterized by multiple alleles. For instance, blood type (A B or O) has three alleles. Modern Synthesis is a framework that integrates Darwinian ideas of evolution and Mendel's genetics. It combines macroevolutionary changes discovered in fossil records with microevolutionary processes, such as genetic mutation and trait-selection. Macroevolution can take a long time to complete and is only visible in fossil records. In contrast, microevolution is a much faster process that can be observed in living organisms today. Microevolution is driven by genetic mutation and selection which occur on a lesser scale than macroevolution. However, it can be enhanced by other mechanisms, like gene flow and horizontal gene transfer. Evolution is based on chance Evolutionists have for a long time used the argument that evolution is random. But this argument is flawed and it is important to know the reason. The argument confuses randomness and contingency. This is an error that is rooted in a misreading of the nature of biological contingency, as described by Stephen Jay Gould. He believed that the expansion of genetic information is not only random, but also contingent on previous events. He based his argument on the fact that DNA is an incarnation of genes which are themselves dependent on other molecules. In other terms there is a causal order that is the basis of all biological processes. The argument is also flawed due to its dependence on the laws of physics and application of science. These statements are not just not logically sound, but also false. The practice of science also assumes that causal determinism is not enough to be able to accurately predict all natural events. Brendan Sweetman's book aims to give a balanced and readable introduction to the relationship between evolutionary theory with Christian theism. He is more of a patient than a flashy writer which is in line with his goals, which include separating the scientific validity of evolutionary theory from its religious implications and developing the ability to think clearly about a controversial topic. The book may not be as comprehensive as it could have been however, it provides an excellent overview of the debate. It also clarifies that the theories of evolution are well-proven and widely accepted. They are worthy of rational acceptance. The book is not as convincing when it comes down to the question of whether God has any role in the process of evolution. While Pokemon that are traded with other trainers are not able to be evolved for free, trading is an effective method to save Candy and time. Trading Pokemon with other players reduces the cost of developing certain Pokemon using the standard method. This is particularly helpful for high-level Pokemon that require a lot of Candy to evolve.